Ubuntu22.04 LTS 安装教程

分区方案

在主引导记录（MBR）分区表中，最多可以有四个主分区，或者三个主分区和一个扩展分区。扩展分区可以包含多个逻辑分区，如果需要更多的分区，可以将其中一些设置为逻辑分区；在GUID分区表（GPT）中，没有主分区或扩展分区的限制（可以有128个主分区），因此可以创建更多的分区。

GPT分区表

以128GB硬盘空间为例：

分区	分区类型	分区容量
biosgrub	biso	1MB
/efi	logical	1GB
/boot	primary	1GB
/	primary	40GB
/home	primary	50GB
/opt	primary	10GB
/usr	primary	30GB
/srv	primary	10GB
/var	primary	20GB
swap	primary	8GB（物理内存1～2倍）

安装openssh-server

bash

sudo apt install openssh-server

修改终端显示路径

bash

vim ~/.bashrc 

# 把小写w改为大写W
if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\W\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi

自定义文件夹路径

bash

mkdir desktop xiazai template public docs music video picture
vim ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs
    XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/desktop"
    XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/xiazai"
    XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/template"
    XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/public"
    XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/docs"
    XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/music"
    XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/picture"
    XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/video"

修改软件源

1、备份

bash

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

2、修改

bash

/etc/apt/sources.list

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

3、更新

bash

sudo apt update 
sudo apt upgrade #（一般不推荐升级）

卸载snap软件包

1、查看已经安装的snap软件包

bash

[user@localhost ~]$ sudo snap list
Name                       Version           Rev    Tracking         Publisher   Notes
bare                       1.0               5      latest/stable    canonical✓  base
core20                     20220826          1623   latest/stable    canonical✓  base
firefox                    106.0-1           1969   latest/stable/…  mozilla✓    -
gnome-3-38-2004            0+git.6f39565     119    latest/stable/…  canonical✓  -
gtk-common-themes          0.1-81-g442e511   1535   latest/stable/…  canonical✓  -
snap-store                 41.3-64-g512c0ff  599    latest/stable/…  canonical✓  -
snapd                      2.57.4            17336  latest/stable    canonical✓  snapd
snapd-desktop-integration  0.1               14     latest/stable/…  canonical✓  -

2、删除snap软件包

bash

sudo snap remove --purge firefox
sudo snap remove --purge snap-store
sudo snap remove --purge gnome-3-38-2004
sudo snap remove --purge gtk-common-themes
sudo snap remove --purge snapd-desktop-integration
sudo snap remove --purge bare
sudo snap remove --purge core20
sudo snap remove --purge snapd

3、删除snap服务

bash

sudo apt remove --autoremove snapd

4、关闭apt触发器

bash

sudo gedit /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref

写入以下内容：

bash

Package: snapd
Pin: release a=*
Pin-Priority: -10

5、最后一步

bash

sudo apt update

软件安装

类别	名称
浏览器	Edge，Google Chrome
聊天办公	QQ，微信，飞书，Xmind，向日葵，亿图图示，WPS 2019
编程开发	Visual Studio Code，Vim，Typora，Wireshark
虚拟软件	Virtual Box，VMware Workstation Pro，Podman
电子阅读	Calibre
影音娱乐	OBS Studio，QQ音乐，VLC播放器，Steam
系统工具	GParted，FSearch
云盘	百度网盘

安装Microsoft Edge

bash

wget https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/edge/pool/main/m/microsoft-edge-stable/microsoft-edge-stable_129.0.2792.89-1_amd64.deb

sudo dpkg -i microsoft-edge-stable_129.0.2792.89-1_amd64.deb

安装Google Chrome

bash

curl -O https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

安装WPS 2019

bash

curl -O https://wps-linux-personal.wpscdn.cn/wps/download/ep/Linux2019/11691/wps-office_11.1.0.11691_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i wps-office_11.1.0.11691_amd64.deb

安装WPS 365

bash

wget https://wps-linux-365.wpscdn.cn/wps/download/ep/Linux365/18605/wps-office_12.8.2.18605.AK.preload.sw_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i wps-office_12.8.2.18605.AK.preload.sw_amd64.deb

安装Visual Studio Code

bash

wget https://vscode.download.prss.microsoft.com/dbazure/download/stable/f1a4fb101478ce6ec82fe9627c43efbf9e98c813/code_1.95.3-1731513102_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i code_1.95.3-1731513102_amd64.deb

安装Vim

bash

sudo apt install vim

安装QQ

bash

wget https://dldir1.qq.com/qqfile/qq/QQNT/Linux/QQ_3.2.13_241121_amd64_01.deb
sudo dpkg -i QQ_3.2.13_241121_amd64_01.deb

安装Podman

bash

sudo apt install podman -y
sudo vim /etc/containers/registries.conf
#末尾添加
    [registries.search]
    registries=["registry.access.redhat.com", "registry.fedoraproject.org", "docker.io"]
# 插件
sudo apt install cockpit cockpit-podman cockpit-machines

访问http://127.0.0.1:9090/

安装podman-compose

bash

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
python3 get-pip.py
cp ~/.local/bin/* /usr/bin/
pip3 install https://github.com/containers/podman-compose/archive/devel.tar.gz

安装Oracle VM Virtual Box

bash

curl -O https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/7.0.0/virtualbox-7.0_7.0.0-153978~Ubuntu~jammy_amd64.deb
curl -O https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/7.0.0/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-7.0.0.vbox-extpack

sudo dpkg -i virtualbox-7.0_7.0.0-153978~Ubuntu~jammy_amd64.deb
sudo VBoxManage extpack install Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-7.0.0.vbox-extpack

安装百度网盘

bash

wget https://05ccbc-704917781.antpcdn.com:19001/b/pkg-ant.baidu.com/issue/netdisk/LinuxGuanjia/4.17.7/baidunetdisk_4.17.7_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i baidunetdisk_4.17.7_amd64.deb

安装微信

官方测试版

bash

wget https://dldir1v6.qq.com/weixin/Universal/Linux/WeChatLinux_x86_64.deb
sudo dpkg -i WeChatLinux_x86_64.deb

在优麒麟商店搜索"微信"

bash

curl -O https://archive.ubuntukylin.com/software/pool/partner/weixin_2.1.1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i weixin_2.1.1_amd64.deb

安装飞书

bash

curl -O https://sf3-cn.feishucdn.com/obj/ee-appcenter/399c2025/Feishu-linux_x64-5.30.15.deb

sudo dpkg -i Feishu-linux_x64-5.30.15.deb

安装Typora

bash

wget https://download2.typoraio.cn/linux/typora_1.9.3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i typora_1.9.3_amd64.deb

安装OBS Studio

bash

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:obsproject/obs-studio
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ffmpeg obs-studio

安装向日葵

bash

wget https://dw.oray.com/sunlogin/linux/SunloginClient_15.2.0.63064_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i SunloginClient_15.2.0.63064_amd64.deb

安装Steam

bash

curl -O https://repo.steampowered.com/steam/archive/precise/steam_latest.deb
sudo dpkg -i steam_latest.deb

安装亿图图示

bash

 wget https://cc-download.wondershare.cc/prd/edrawmax_full5374.deb
sudo dpkg -i edrawmax_full5374.deb

安装FSearch

bash

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:christian-boxdoerfer/fsearch-stable
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y fsearch-trunk

安装Xmind

bash

 wget https://dl3.xmind.cn/Xmind-for-Linux-amd64bit-24.10.01101-202410201932.deb
sudo dpkg -i Xmind-for-Linux-amd64bit-24.10.01101-202410201932.deb

安装QQ音乐

bash

wget https://dldir.y.qq.com/music/clntupate/linux/qqmusic_1.1.7_amd64.deb?sign=1732378775-D4wKHiXmtBGamYMQ-0-63c5e04b98a62fc0cc0cb71ebc0357df

sudo dpkg -i qqmusic_1.1.7_amd64.deb

安装Qt或QtCreator

bash

curl -O https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qtcreator/8.0/8.0.0/qt-creator-opensource-linux-x86_64-8.0.0.run

sudo chmod +x qt-opensource-linux-x64-5.12.9.run
sudo ./qt-opensource-linux-x64-5.12.9.run

安装VLC播放器

bash

sudo apt install vlc ubuntu-restricted-extras

安装Wireshark

bash

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wireshark-dev/stable
sudo apt update
sudo apt install wireshark
sudo usermod -aG wireshark $USER

安装Calibre

bash

sudo -v && wget -nv -O- https://download.calibre-ebook.com/linux-installer.sh | sudo sh /dev/stdin install_dir=/opt

或者

bash

curl -O https://download.calibre-ebook.com/6.17.0/calibre-6.17.0-x86_64.txz
sudo mkdir -p /opt/calibre && sudo rm -rf /opt/calibre/*
tar xvf calibre-6.17.0-x86_64.txz -C /opt/calibre
sudo /opt/calibre/calibre_postinstall

安装GParted

bash

sudo apt install gparted

安装搜狗输入法

bash

wget https://ime-sec.gtimg.com/202411240024/aff69dfb7ee75c935015a3b606de9883/pc/dl/gzindex/1680521603/sogoupinyin_4.2.1.145_amd64.deb
sudo apt remove --purge ibus
sudo apt install fcitx

sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_4.2.1.145_amd64.deb
sudo apt install libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5quickwidgets5 qml-module-qtquick2

sudo apt install libgsettings-qt1

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/fcitx.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/

安装完成后最好重启一下电脑。

安装MySQL

bash

sudo apt update
sudo apt install mysql-server
sudo mysql -uroot

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by 'your_passwd';

/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf #找到 bind-address,修改为0.0.0.0

重启mysql

bash

sudo mysql -uroot -pyour_passwd
use mysql;
update user set host='%' where user='root';
flush privileges;

安装Redis

bash

sudo apt install redis

安装Nginx

bash

sudo apt install nginx

安装JDK8

bash

tar -zxvf jdk-8u202-linux-x64.tar.gz
mkdir /usr/local/java
mv jdk1.8.0_202/ /usr/local/java/

vim /etc/profile

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_251/
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

export PATH JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH

Ubuntu22.04 LTS 安装教程 ​

分区方案 ​

GPT分区表 ​

安装openssh-server ​

修改终端显示路径 ​

自定义文件夹路径 ​

修改软件源 ​

卸载snap软件包 ​

软件安装 ​

安装Microsoft Edge ​

安装Google Chrome ​

安装WPS 2019 ​

安装WPS 365 ​

安装Visual Studio Code ​

安装Vim ​

安装QQ ​

安装Podman ​

安装podman-compose ​

安装Oracle VM Virtual Box ​

安装百度网盘 ​

安装微信 ​

安装飞书 ​

安装Typora ​

安装OBS Studio ​

安装向日葵 ​

安装Steam ​

安装亿图图示 ​

安装FSearch ​

安装Xmind ​

安装QQ音乐 ​

安装Qt或QtCreator ​

安装VLC播放器 ​

安装Wireshark ​

安装Calibre ​

安装GParted ​

安装搜狗输入法 ​

安装MySQL ​

安装Redis ​

安装Nginx ​

安装JDK8 ​

Ubuntu22.04 LTS 安装教程

分区方案

GPT分区表

安装openssh-server

修改终端显示路径

自定义文件夹路径

修改软件源

卸载snap软件包

软件安装

安装Microsoft Edge

安装Google Chrome

安装WPS 2019

安装WPS 365

安装Visual Studio Code

安装Vim

安装QQ

安装Podman

安装podman-compose

安装Oracle VM Virtual Box

安装百度网盘

安装微信

安装飞书

安装Typora

安装OBS Studio

安装向日葵

安装Steam

安装亿图图示

安装FSearch

安装Xmind

安装QQ音乐

安装Qt或QtCreator

安装VLC播放器

安装Wireshark

安装Calibre

安装GParted

安装搜狗输入法

安装MySQL

安装Redis

安装Nginx

安装JDK8